Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về liên từ tiếng Anh

Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về liên từ tiếng Anh

Bài viết Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về liên từ tiếng Anh giúp bạn có thêm tài liệu từ đó tìm được phương pháp học và yêu thích Tiếng Anh hơn.

I. Các loại liên từ trong tiếng Anh

1. Liên từ kết hợp (Coordinating conjunctions)

Liên từ kết hợp được dùng để nối những nhóm từ cùng loại hoặc những mệnh đề ngang hàng.

Các liên từ kết hợp bao gồm:

For (bởi vì)	- Chỉ lí do, mục đích - Đứng ở giữa câu, sau dấu phẩy, đăng sau là mệnh đề Eg: He will surely succeed, for he works hard. Chắc chắn cậu ấy sẽ thành công, vì cậu ấy làm việc chăm chỉ.
And (và)	Mang tính bổ sung Eg: She is a good and loyal wife. Bà ấy là một bà vợ tốt và chung thuỷ.
Nor (cũng không)	- Dùng trong câu phủ định - Bổ sung ý phủ định cho câu Eg: We can't be there Monday nor Tuesday. Chúng ta không thể ở đó vào thứ Hai hay thứ Ba.
But (nhưng)	Diễn tả sự trái ngược, đối lập Eg: He is intelligent but very lazy. Cậu ấy thông minh nhưng rất lười.
Or (hoặc)	Bổ sung mang tính lựa chọn Eg: We have to work hard, or we will fail the exam. Chúng ta phải học chăm, hoặc là chúng ta sẽ thi trượt.
Yet (nhưng)	Diễn tả sự trái ngược, đối lập Eg: She says she does not love me, yet I still love her. Cô ấy nói không yêu tôi, nhưng tôi vẫn yêu cô ấy.
So (vì vậy)	Biểu thị kết quả, ảnh hưởng của hành động phía trước Eg: The shop was closed, so I didn’t get any milk. Cửa hàng đã đóng, vì vậy tôi không mua được chút sữa nào.

2. Liên từ tương quan (Correlative conjunctions)

Liên từ tương quan có thể được coi như là cặp liên từ kết hợp. Đó là cặp liên từ đi với nhau, được dùng để liên kết các cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề có chức năng tương đương nhau về mặt ngữ pháp.

Các liên từ tương quan bao gồm:

Both ….. and (vừa …. vừa)	Mang tính lựa chọn kép Eg: They learn both English and French. Họ học cả tiếng Anh và tiếng Pháp.
Not only …. but also (không chỉ .. mà còn)	Mang tính lựa chọn kép Eg: You are not only intelligent but also modest. Bạn không chỉ thông minh mà còn khiêm tốn.
Either ….. or (hoặc … hoặc)	Mang tính phủ định Eg: I don't have either books or notebooks. Tôi không có sách hay vở ghi.
Neither …. nor (không .. cũng không)	Mang tính phủ định kép Eg: He drinks neither wine nor beer. Cậu ấy không uống rượu và bia.
As ….. as (vừa mới …. thì)	Trong câu so sánh ngang bằng Eg: He is as tell as you. Cậu ấy cao bằng bạn.
No sooner …. Than (vừa mới …. thì)	Chỉ áp dụng trong thì hiện tại hoặc quá khứ Eg: No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain. Ngay khi chúng tôi bắt đầu đến California thì trời bắt đầu mưa.

3. Liên từ phụ thuộc (Subordinating conjunctions)

Loại liên từ phụ thuộc nối kết một mệnh đề phụ với một mệnh đề chính, nhằm bổ sung ngữ nghĩa (về thời gian, cách thức, nguyên nhân, điều kiện ….) cho mệnh đề chính.

Các liên từ phụ thuộc bao gồm:

Time Thời gian	Manner Cách thức	Cause Nguyên nhân	Condition Điều kiện	Concession Tương phản
As long as	As	Because	If	Although
After	By	Since	Unless	Though
Before	Though	Therefore	Otherwise	Despite
When	As if	Consequently	………..	Even if
While	As though	So		Even though
Since	Like	As		Whereas
For	With	As a result		………..
Until	……….	………
………

II. Bài tập áp dụng

Exercise 1. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất điền vào chỗ trống ở mỗi câu sau.

1. He got wet_______ he forgot his umbrella.

A. because of

B. because

C. but

D. and

2. He stops working _______ heavy raining.

A. in spite of

B. although

C. despite

D. because of

3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life _______ their poverty.

A. in spite of

B. although

C. because

D. because of

4. Tom wakes his parents up_______ playing the guitar very softly.

A. because

B. in spite of

C. because of

D. although

5. Nobody could hear her_______ she spoke too quietly.

A. although

B. because

C. because of

D. in spite of

6. We decided to leave early _______the party was boring.

A. although

B. despite

C. because

D. because of

7. Many people believe him__________ he often tells a lie.

A. because

B. in spite of

C. although

D. because of

8. _______she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family.

A. In spite of

B. Because

C. Because of

D. Although

9. _______her absence from class yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.

A. Although

B. In spite of

C. Because of

D. Because

10. ______her poorness, she feels happy.

A. Although

B. Because

C. If

D. In spite of

11. We all feel sad _______ the bad news

A. because

B. because of

C. though

D. despite

12. John lost his job__________ his laziness.

A. because of

B. because

C. in spite of

D. though

13. I went to the club last Saturday________ the heavy rain.

A. because of

B. because

C. in spite of

D. though

14. He has had this car_________ six months.

A. in

B. since

C. during

D. for

15. We can't go to Julia's party _______ we're going away that weekend.

A. because

B. because of

C. although

D. in spite of

16. ____ repeated assurances that the product is safe; many people have stopped buying it.

A. By

B. Despite

C. With

D. For

17. She walked home by herself, _______ she knew that it was dangerous.

A. because

B. although

C. and

D. but

18. _______ his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers.          

A. Because of

B. But for

C. In spite of

D. Without

19. I'll see you after the show and give you £20 for the tickets, or _______ much they cost.

A. whatever

B. nevertheless

C. besides

D. however

20. Mai worked hard, ______ she passed her exam.

A. so

B. although

C. because

D. though

Exercise 2. Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai, hãy tìm và sửa chúng.

1. Because of feeling very tired, John couldn’t sleep.

2. Though Tom was ill, he couldn’t take part in his little sister’s birthday party.

3. Before she was washing the dishes, her parents came home.

4. “Bring an umbrella with you although it rains”, my mom told me.

5. I had to wait for him in front of his house because of 9 p.m.

Exercise 3. Hoàn thành câu bằng cách sử dụng các liên từ kết hợp có trong ngoặc

1. My car has a radio _________ a CD player. (but, or, and)

2. Sharon hates to listen to rap music, _______ will she tolerate heavy metal. (but, nor, or)

3. Carol wanted to drive to Colorado, _________ Bill insisted that they fly. (and, or, but)

4. Carol wanted to drive to Colorado, _________ Bill insisted that they fly. (and, or, but)

5. I have to be on time, _________ my boss will be annoyed if I’m late. (and, nor, for)

6. Do you like chocolate _________ vanilla ice cream better? (or, nor, and)

7. I have to go to work at six, _________ I’m waking up at four. (but, so, yet)

8. I was on time, _________ everyone else was late. (so, but, for)

9. Nadia doesn’t like to drive, _________ she takes the bus everywhere. (but, yet, so)

10. Our trip to the museum was interesting, _________ there were several new artifacts on display. (but, for, yet)

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1.

1B	2D	3D	4B	5B
6C	7C	8D	9C	10D
11B	12A	13C	14D	15A
16B	17B	18C	19D	20A

 

Exercise 2.

1. Because of > In spite of

2. Though > Because

3. Before > While

4. although > in case

5. because of > until

Exercise 3.

1. And

2. Nor

3. But

4. Yet

5. For

6. Or

7. So

8. But

9. So

10. For

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer.

1. She’s not only beautiful ________ intelligent.

A. but also

B. but

C. however

D. yet

2. I was very tired, ________ I determined to walk on to the next village.

A. therefore

B. however

C. and

D. or

3. You can come here either on Monday ________ on Friday.

A. or

B. nor

C. both

D. and

4. He had to act immediately; ________ he would have been too late.

A. consequently

B. nevertheless

C. still

D. otherwise

5. They said both he ________ I were to come.

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. so

6. The weather in Da Lat is neither too hot in summer ________ too cold in winter.

A. or

B. nor

C. or else

D. otherwise

7. Jane is beautiful and intelligent ________.

A. too

B. so

C. both

D. moreover

8. Jane is beautiful and intelligent; ________ she’s very kind.

A. moreover

B. however

C. for all that

D. on the other hand

9. He never works ________ he gains all the prizes.

A. furthermore

B. whereas

C. but

D. accordingly

10. The sun is shining and there are very few clouds; ________, I am sure it is going to rain.

A. what’s more

B. hence

C. thus

D. nevertheless

11. Bill is in class 12, ________ John, who is a year older, is only in class 4.

A. and

B. whereas

C. either

D. nevertheless

12. You must leave at once, ________ you miss the train.

A. however

B. yet

C. still

D. otherwise

13. You need to get some job retraining. ________ it, you risk being laid off.

A. If so

B. If not

C. With

D. Without

14. Could I have rice ________ potatoes, please?

A. but

B. but also

C. instead

D. instead of

15. ________ his denial, we knew that he was guilty.

A. Despite

B. Inspite

C. Because

D. And

Đáp án:

1. A	2. B	3. A	4. D	5. A
6. B	7. A	8. A	9. C	10. D
11. B	12. D	13. D	14. D	15. A

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the coordinating conjunctions “for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so”.

1. She wanted to travel, _______ she saved money for months.

2. He was tired, _______ he continued working late into the night.

3. She couldn’t decide whether to have tea _______ coffee.

4. Neither the cat _______ the dog wanted to go outside in the rain.

5. He practiced playing the guitar every day, _______ he wanted to improve his skills.

6. She enjoys reading novels _______ watching movies in her free time.

7. He is skilled at playing the piano _______ composing his own music.

8. He woke up early every morning, _______ he enjoyed watching the sunrise.

9. Neither the restaurant’s service _______ its food met our expectations.

10. She finished her work early, _______ she still had time to relax.

Đáp án:

1. so	2. but	3. or	4. nor	5. because
6. and	7. and	8. for	9. nor	10. yet

Exercise 3. Arrange the sentences in the correct order with conjunctions.

1. both/ not only/ Thu/ plays/ but also/ the guitar/ the violin

→ _________________________________________________.

2. we/ to Vung Tau beach/ the weather/ if/ will go/ is nice

→ _________________________________________________.

3. although/ hard/ Nam/ he/ still didn’t pass/ studied/ the exam

→ _________________________________________________.

4. enjoy/ reading/ books/ I/ also/ movies/ and/ I/ watching/ enjoy

→ _________________________________________________.

5. Dung/ wanted/ but/ go to the concert/ couldn’t get tickets/ to/ he

→ _________________________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. Thu not only plays the guitar but also the violin.

2. We will go to Vung Tau beach if the weather is nice.

3. Although Nam studied hard, he still didn’t pass the exam.

4. I enjoy reading books, and I also enjoy watching movies.

5. Dung wanted to go to the concert, but he couldn’t get tickets.

Exercise 4. Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that needs correcting.

1. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam.

               A                    B            C                    D

2. Many teachers have devoted all their lives to teaching so teaching is not a well-paid job.

                                      A           B                                     C                D

3. They can speak English and use a computer so as to they can easily get a good job.

                    A                             B                         C                          D

4. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming.

         A                   B                                     C                   D

5. The prices of accommodation are as big that many people cannot afford to buy a house.

                                                      A   B                                       C                      D

Đáp án:

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. A

5. B

Exercise 5. Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use the word(s) given.

1. He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired. (in spite of)

→________________________________________________________________.

2. Although he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian. (despite)

→________________________________________________________________.

3. In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home before dark. (although)

→________________________________________________________________.

4. In spite of not having eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry. (even though)

→________________________________________________________________.

5. He decided to get the job although the salary was low. (in spite of)

→________________________________________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. In spite of being tired / his tiredness, he couldn’t sleep.

2. Despite the fact that he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian.

3. Although her feet were injured, she managed to get home before dark.

4. Even though he hadn’t eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry.

5. In spite of the low salary, he decided to get the job.

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