(Ôn thi ĐGNL, ĐGTD) Chuyên đề: Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)

Phrasal Verb

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

break away

trốn thoát, thoát khỏi

The prisoner tried to break away from the guards during the transfer.

break down

dừng hoạt động (máy móc, phương tiện)

Our car broke down on the way to the airport.

đập vỡ, đổ vỡ tan tành

The police had to break down the door to rescue the child.

phân tích chi tiết, chia nhỏ

The teacher broke down the topic into smaller, easier parts.

suy sụp tinh thần, buồn bã, suy nhược

He broke down when he heard the tragic news.

break in

tập luyện (ngựa…), cho vào khuôn phép, dạy dỗ

It takes time to break in a new pair of shoes.

break in (on)

can thiệp vào, gián đoạn, ngắt lời

She broke in on our conversation with urgent news.

break into

đột nhập

Thieves broke into the shop last night.

đột nhiên (hành động), phá lên

She broke into laughter when she saw the funny video.

break into tears: khóc òa lên

He broke into tears after hearing the bad news.

break out

bùng nổ, nổ ra (chiến tranh, dịch bệnh)

A fire broke out in the warehouse at midnight.

(break out in) bùng phát (bệnh ngoài da)

He broke out in hives after being stung by a bee.

(break out of) trốn thoát

The convicts broke out of prison during the storm.

break up

chia thành, vỡ thành từng mảnh

The ice began to break up as spring arrived.

phân tán (đám đông), dừng lại (cuộc chiến)

The police broke up the protest before it turned violent.

(break up with sb) chia tay, kết thúc mối quan hệ

She broke up with her boyfriend last month.

bật cười lớn tiếng

They broke up laughing after hearing his joke.

break off

dừng lại, kết thúc, bỏ dở

He broke off in the middle of his speech.

(break off with sb) cắt đứt quan hệ

She broke off with her business partner due to disagreements.

break through

vượt qua, đột phá, chọc thủng

The soldiers broke through the enemy’s defenses.

break forth

vỡ ra, nổ ra; bắn ra, tuôn ra

Cheers broke forth when the team scored the winning goal.

Phrasal Verb

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

bring about

làm xảy ra, mang đến

The new policy brought about significant changes in education.

bring along

mang theo

Don’t forget to bring along your ID card to the meeting.

bring back

mang trả lại; gợi lại ký ức

Visiting my hometown brought back so many childhood memories.

bring down

hạ xuống; làm tụt; bắn rơi; hạ bệ

The scandal finally brought down the corrupt politician.

bring forward

đưa ra, đề xuất

They brought forward a proposal to improve the city’s transport system.

bring in

đưa vào, đem lại

The new marketing strategy brought in thousands of new customers.

bring off

cứu; hoàn thành thành công việc khó

It was a risky plan, but they managed to bring it off.

bring on

dẫn đến, gây ra

Lack of rest can bring on severe headaches.

bring out

xuất bản; làm nổi bật

The photographer’s skill really brought out her beauty.

bring round

làm tỉnh lại; thuyết phục

They tried to bring him round after he fainted.

bring over

thuyết phục; đưa ai đến chơi

I’ll bring over my friend for dinner tonight.

bring sb round (to sth)

làm thay đổi ý kiến

It took hours to bring her round to our way of thinking.

bring through

giúp vượt qua khó khăn

His optimism brought me through the toughest times.

bring together

nhóm lại, kết thân

The event brought together people from different cultures.

bring to

dẫn đến (tình trạng)

The noise brought me to full wakefulness.

bring sth to light

đưa ra ánh sáng, khám phá

The investigation brought several hidden facts to light.

bring under

làm cho phục tùng, vào khuôn phép

The new manager quickly brought the team under control.

bring up

nuôi nấng; đề cập đến

She was brought up in a small village.

He brought up an important issue in the meeting.

Phrasal Verb

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

catch at

bắt lấy, nắm lấy cái gì

She caught at his arm to stop him from falling.

catch out

lừa, đánh lừa

The magician’s trick caught the audience out completely.

phát hiện ai đang nói dối

The journalist tried to catch the politician out with a tricky question.

(bị động) đặt ai vào tình huống khó khăn

She was caught out by the sudden change in the schedule.

catch on

trở nên nổi tiếng, được ưa chuộng

The song quickly caught on and topped the charts.

hiểu, nắm được ý

It took him a while to catch on to the joke.

cuối cùng cũng hiểu

She didn’t catch on until someone explained it twice.

catch up

đuổi/bắt kịp

You go ahead - I'll catch up with you later.

nhiễm (thói quen)

She caught up smoking after spending time with her new friends.

catch up in

bị liên quan, dính líu vào cái gì

He got caught up in a heated argument between his colleagues.

catch up on

làm bù để kịp phần đã lỡ

I need to catch up on my assignments this weekend.

ôn lại kỷ niệm cũ

We spent the evening catching up on old times.

catch up with

tìm ra ai đó sau một thời gian

The police caught up with the fugitive after two months.

trừng phạt ai vì làm sai

His past mistakes eventually caught up with him.

học điều gì mới mà nhiều người đã biết

I need to catch up with the latest software updates.

Phrasal Verb

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

come aboard

lên tàu

We were so excited when we came aboard the cruise ship.

come about

xảy ra

A big change in company policy came about last year.

đổi chiều (thuyền buồm)

The wind suddenly changed and the boat came about.

come across

tình cờ gặp

I came across an old friend at the market yesterday.

come after

theo sau, nối nghiệp

The young prince will come after his father as king.

come again

trở lại

Please come again when you have more time.

come against

đụng phải, va phải

The team came against a very strong opponent in the final.

come along

đi cùng

She came along with me to the conference.

xúc tiến, tiến triển

The project is really coming along now.

cút đi (thô)

Come along, you’re not welcome here.

come apart

tách khỏi, rời ra

The handle came apart from the suitcase.

come around

ghé thăm

Why don’t you come around for dinner tonight?

tỉnh lại (sau hôn mê, ngất)

She fainted, but came around after a few minutes.

thay đổi ý kiến

He finally came around to our way of thinking.

come at

tấn công, xông vào

The dog came at me suddenly.

đạt tới, nắm được

I can’t see how to come at the solution to this problem.

come away

đi xa

We came away from the meeting feeling optimistic.

rời ra

The paint is coming away from the wall.

come back

trở lại

I’ll come back next week to check on you.

được nhớ lại

Memories from childhood suddenly came back to me.

cãi lại

Don’t come back at me like that!

come before

đến trước

The letter “B” comes before “C” in the alphabet.

come between

can thiệp, đứng giữa

Don’t let petty arguments come between friends.

come by

đi qua

I came by your house, but you weren’t home.

có được

Good jobs like that are hard to come by these days.

come clean

thú nhận

He finally came clean about what happened that night.

come down

sụp đổ

The old building came down last year.

come down on

mắng nhiếc, trừng phạt

The teacher came down on the students for cheating.

come down with

bị ốm

I think I’m coming down with the flu.

come easy to

không khó đối với ai

Languages seem to come easy to her.

come forward

xung phong, đứng ra

Several witnesses came forward with information.

come from

đến từ

I come from a small town in the countryside.

come full ahead

tiến hết tốc độ (thuyền)

The captain ordered the ship to come full ahead.

come in

đi vào

Please come in and have a seat.

về đích

The runner came in second in the race.

dâng lên (thủy triều)

The tide is coming in now.

bắt đầu (thời trang, xu hướng)

Short skirts came in again this summer.

come in for

có phần, nhận được (thường là chỉ trích, khen ngợi)

The plan came in for a lot of criticism.

come into

thừa hưởng

She came into a large fortune after her uncle died.

ra đời

A new era of technology has come into being.

come into account

được tính đến

Every detail must come into account in the final design.

come into effect / force

có hiệu lực

The new law comes into effect next month.

come on

tiếp tục

Come on, we don’t have much time left.

đi tiếp

The hikers came on despite the bad weather.