(Ôn thi ĐGNL, ĐGTD) Chuyên đề: Giới từ (Prepositions)

Vị trí

Mô tả

Ví dụ

Trước danh từ

Đây là vị trí phổ biến nhất.

at school, in the garden, on the table

Sau động từ

Có thể đứng ngay sau hoặc cách xa một vài từ.

• She insisted on coming early.
• He looked after the dog carefully.

Sau tính từ

Giới từ giúp mở rộng ý nghĩa của tính từ.

• I'm proud of my students.
• They are afraid of snakes.

Giới từ

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

in

tháng

 in May; in March

năm

in 2004; in 2018

mùa

in summer; in winter

buổi trong ngày

in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening

khoảng thời gian

in a minute; in three days

at

buổi trong ngày

at night; at noon

thời gian trong ngày

at 7 o'clock; at midnight

dịp lễ

at Christmas; at Easter

cụm từ cố định

at the same time

on

dịp lễ đặc biệt

on Good Friday; on Easter Sunday; on my birthday

buổi của 1 ngày đặc biệt

on the morning of March the 1st

after

(sau khi) muộn hơn cái gì đó

after breakfast

ago

(cách đây bao lâu) điều gì đã xảy ra lâu rồi

2 years ago

before

(trước khi) sớm hơn cái gì đó

before Christmas

between

(Ở giữa) thời gian chia làm

between Monday and Thursday

by

không muộn hơn một mốc thời gian nào đó.

by Sunday

during

(Trong suốt) trong khoảng thời gian nào đó

during the holidays

for

khoảng thời gian

for three weeks

from... to

from... till/ until

từ... đến ....

from Monday to Wednesday from Monday till Wednesday

past

giờ hơn

23 minutes past 6 (6: 23)

since

mốc thời gian

since Monday

till/until

(cho tới khi) không muộn hơn một mốc cố định nào đó

till tomorrow until tomorrow

to

giờ kém

23 minutes to 6 (5:37)

up to

không nhiều hơn một khoảng thời gian nào đó

up to 6 hours a day

within

(trong vòng) trong khoảng thời gian nào đó

within a day

Cụm từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

To be sorry about sth

lấy làm tiếc, hối tiếc về cái gì

I’m sorry about the misunderstanding yesterday.

To be curious about sth

tò mò về cái gì

She’s curious about how the new machine works.

To be careful about sth

cẩn thận về cái gì

Be careful about what you post online.

To be careless about sth

bất cẩn về cái gì

He’s careless about keeping his promises.

To be confused about sth

nhầm lẫn về cái gì

I’m confused about the instructions in this manual.

To be doubtful about sth

hoài nghi về cái gì

Many people are doubtful about the results of the survey.

To be excited about sth

hứng thú về cái gì

We’re excited about our upcoming trip to Japan.

To be enthusiastic about sth

nhiệt tình, hào hứng về cái gì

She’s enthusiastic about joining the volunteer project.

To be sad about sth

buồn về cái gì

He’s sad about losing his favorite watch.

To be serious about sth

nghiêm túc về cái gì

I’m serious about improving my English this year.

To be uneasy about sth

không thoải mái về cái gì

He felt uneasy about the decision they made.

To be worried about sth

lo lắng về cái gì

Parents are worried about their children’s safety online.

Cụm từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

To be amazed at sth

kinh ngạc, sửng sốt vì

We were amazed at the beauty of the sunset.

To be amused at sth

thích thú với

She was amused at his clever jokes.

To be angry at sb

tức giận với ai

He was angry at his friend for lying.

To be annoyed at sb

bực mình với ai

She felt annoyed at him for being late again.

To be bad at sth

yếu kém về

I’m bad at remembering names.

To be brilliant at sth

thông minh, có tài về

He’s brilliant at solving complex problems.

To be good/clever at sth

giỏi/sắc sảo về

She’s clever at finding creative solutions.

To be efficient at sth

có năng lực về

Our team is efficient at managing large events.

To be expert at sth

thành thạo về

He’s an expert at cooking Italian dishes.

To be mad at sb

tức điên lên với ai

She’s mad at her brother for breaking her phone.

To be present at

có mặt tại

Many guests were present at the wedding ceremony.

To be skillful at sth

khéo léo về

He’s skillful at painting portraits.

To be surprised at sth

ngạc nhiên về

I was surprised at how quickly they finished the work.

To be quick at sth

nhạy bén về/nhanh chóng làm gì

She’s quick at learning new languages.

Cụm từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

To be available for sth

có sẵn cho

This room is available for meetings after 2 p.m.

To be bad for sth

xấu cho

Eating too much sugar is bad for your health.

To be good for sth

tốt cho

Regular exercise is good for mental health.

To be convenient for sth

thuận lợi cho

This location is convenient for shopping and dining.

To be difficult for sth

khó cho

This task is difficult for beginners.

To be dangerous for sth

nguy hiểm cho

Smoking is dangerous for your lungs.

To be eager for sth

háo hức cho

The students are eager for the summer holiday.

To be eligible for sth

đủ tư cách cho

You are eligible for the scholarship if your GPA is above 3.5.

To be late for sth

trễ

He was late for the meeting by 20 minutes.

To be liable for sth

chịu trách nhiệm pháp lý

The company is liable for any damage caused.

To leave for sth

rời đi để đến đâu

She left for London early this morning.

To be famous/well-known for sth

nổi tiếng về

The city is famous for its ancient temples.

To be fit for sth

thích hợp với

This coat is fit for winter weather.

To be greedy for sth

tham lam

He’s greedy for power and money.

To be grateful for sth

biết ơn về

I’m grateful for your help during the project.

To be helpful/useful for sth

có ích/có lợi

This guide is useful for new employees.

To be necessary for sth

cần thiết cho

A passport is necessary for international travel.

To be perfect for sth

hoàn hảo cho

This dress is perfect for the party.

To prepare for sth

chuẩn bị cho

We are preparing for the final exams.

To be qualified for sth

có phẩm chất cho

She’s qualified for the position of manager.

To be ready for sth

sẵn sàng cho

I’m ready for the presentation.

To be responsible for sth

chịu trách nhiệm về

He’s responsible for maintaining the equipment.

To be suitable for sth

thích hợp cho

This book is suitable for children.

To be sorry for sth

xin lỗi/lấy làm tiếc cho

I’m sorry for the trouble I caused.

To apologize for sth/doing sth

xin lỗi vì

She apologized for being late.

To thank sb for sth/doing sth

cảm ơn ai vì

I thanked him for helping me.

To be useful for sth

hữu ích cho

This tool is useful for repairing bikes.

Cụm từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ minh họa

To borrow sth from sb/sth

vay mượn từ

I borrowed a book from the library.

To demand sth from sb

đòi hỏi cái gì ở ai

The teacher demanded an explanation from the student.

To draw sth from sth

rút cái gì từ

We drew inspiration from nature.

To emerge from sth

nhú lên từ

A butterfly emerged from its cocoon.

To escape from sth

thoát khỏi

The prisoner escaped from jail.

To be free from sth

không bị

The area is free from pollution.

To prevent sb/sth from (doing) sth

ngăn cản khỏi

This fence prevents the children from running into the road.

To protect sb/sth from sb/sth

bảo vệ khỏi

The sunscreen protects your skin from UV rays.

To prohibit sb from doing sth

cấm ai làm gì

The school prohibits students from smoking.

To separate sb/sth from sb/sth

tách khỏi

The wall separates the garden from the street.

To suffer from sth

chịu đựng

He suffers from asthma.

To be away from sb/sth

xa cách

She has been away from home for two weeks.

To be different from sth

khác với

This design is different from the old one.

To be far from sb/sth

xa

The school is far from our house.

To be safe from sth

an toàn khỏi

Vaccination keeps you safe from certain diseases.

To save sb/sth from sth

cứu khỏi

The lifeguard saved the child from drowning.

To result from sth

do... mà có

His success results from his hard work.