(Ôn thi ĐGNL, ĐGTD) Chuyên đề: Liên từ (Conjunctions)

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

For

bởi vì

He turned down the offer, for it didn’t meet his expectations.

And

và

Lisa speaks French and writes poetry.

Nor

cũng không

She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk.

But

nhưng

I studied hard, but I didn’t pass the test.

Or

hoặc là

We can visit the museum, or we can go shopping.

Yet

tuy nhiên

The book is long, yet it’s very engaging.

So

vì vậy

He forgot his umbrella, so he got soaked.

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

After

sau khi

He went jogging after he had finished his homework.

Before

trước khi

Please turn off the lights before you leave.

As soon as

ngay khi

As soon as the rain stopped, they went outside.

Once

một khi

Once you register, you’ll receive a confirmation email.

By the time

vào lúc

By the time we reached the station, the train had left.

When / As

khi

I was brushing my teeth when the phone rang.

While / As

trong khi

She was listening to music while cooking dinner.

Since

kể từ khi

He’s lived in this city since he graduated.

Until / Till

cho đến khi

Don’t open the gift until your birthday.

Whenever / Every time

mỗi khi

Call me whenever you need help.

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Because / As / Since

bởi vì

Since it’s raining, we’ll cancel the trip.

Seeing that / Now that

bởi vì, giờ thì

Now that the exams are over, we can relax.

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Although / Though / Even though

mặc dù

Even though he apologized, she was still upset.

Much as

dù rằng

Much as I admire her work, I can’t support her methods.

While / Whereas

trong khi

While Tom loves coffee, his brother prefers tea.

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

As

như

As you suggested, I contacted the supplier.

As if / As though

như thể là

He behaves as though he were the manager.

Liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

If

nếu

If you heat ice, it melts.

Unless

trừ khi

I won't go unless you come with me.

In case

phòng khi

Take my number in case you lose yours.

Provided (that) / Providing (that)

miễn là

You may leave early provided that you finish your tasks.

On (the) condition (that)

với điều kiện là

He was released on condition that he reported weekly.

As long as / So long as

miễn là

As long as you’re respectful, you can ask questions.

Only if

chỉ khi

You’ll succeed only if you work hard.

Suppose / Assuming (that)

giả sử

Assuming it rains, what will we do?

Cặp liên từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Both ... and ...

cả ... và ...

Both Sarah and her brother speak Spanish.

Either ... or ...

hoặc ... hoặc ...

Either you apologize or I’ll call the teacher.

Neither ... nor ...

không ... cũng không ...

Neither the students nor the teacher arrived on time.

Not only ... but also ...

không những ... mà còn ...

Not only does she sing well, but she also dances gracefully.

Chức năng

Từ nối liên quan

Ví dụ

Bổ sung

also, besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore

She’s punctual; moreover, she’s very hardworking.

Tương tự

similarly, likewise

The first experiment was a failure. Similarly, the second didn’t work.

Tương phản

however, nevertheless, nonetheless

He’s inexperienced; however, he learns quickly.

Đối lập

in contrast, conversely, on the other hand

The north is dry. In contrast, the south is humid.

Trong khi đó

meanwhile

I was cleaning the kitchen. Meanwhile, he was fixing the sink.

Kết quả

therefore, as a result, thus, consequently, hence

She overslept; consequently, she missed her bus.

Ví dụ

for example, for instance

Many students struggle with writing; for instance, they find it hard to organize ideas.

Điều kiện

otherwise

Wear warm clothes; otherwise, you might catch a cold.

Thay thế

instead, rather, alternatively

He didn’t complain. Instead, he kept silent.

Giới từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Because of / Due to

bởi vì

Due to the fog, all flights were delayed.

Thanks to / On account of

nhờ vào

Thanks to her support, we reached our goal.

Giới từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

In spite of / Despite

mặc dù

In spite of being tired, she kept working.

Regardless of / Irrespective of

bất chấp

The law applies equally, regardless of age.

Giới từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

With a view to / With the aim of

nhằm

They organized the event with a view to promoting local culture.

In the hope of

với hy vọng

He submitted the manuscript in the hope of getting published.

Giới từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

In case of / In the event of

trong trường hợp

In the event of an emergency, dial 911.

Without / But for

nếu không

Without her guidance, I’d have failed.

Giới từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Instead of / In place of

thay vì

We chose a train instead of a flight.

Rather than / As opposed to

hơn là / trái với

I’d prefer working alone rather than in a team.

In contrast to / In comparison with

trái với / so với

In contrast to last year, this winter is much colder.

Giới từ

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

On behalf of

thay mặt

On behalf of the company, I thank you.

In terms of

về mặt

The offer is attractive in terms of salary.

Except for / Apart from / Aside from

ngoại trừ

Apart from one student, everyone passed.

According to

theo

According to experts, the trend will grow.

By means of

bằng cách

They opened the door by means of a special code.

In view of

xét thấy

In view of rising costs, we reduced staff.

Concerning / Regarding / In respect of

về (chủ đề)

We had a meeting regarding the budget plan.

Before / After / Since / Until / Upon

liên quan thời gian

Upon completion, you’ll receive a certificate.